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Despite President Bola Tinubu’s declaration of a national emergency on security, the Nigerian Senate criticized the Federal Government’s envelope budgeting system on Wednesday, cautioning that the funding model is inadequate to address the nation’s worsening security situation.
This was said by the upper house during the Office of the National Security Adviser’s (ONSA) 2026 budget defense session in Abuja, where MPs questioned officials about ongoing funding shortages, postponed releases, and unfinished capital projects.
Even as Nigeria struggles with separatist tensions in the South-East, banditry and kidnappings in the North-West and North-Central, insurgency in the North-East, and oil theft and piracy in the Niger Delta, the current envelope budgeting framework has repeatedly failed to meet the operational demands of the country’s security and intelligence agencies, according to Yahaya Abdullahi, chairman of the Senate Committee on National Security and Intelligence.
Abdullahi pointed out that a sector that needs flexibility and quick reaction to changing threats has found the funding template, which establishes preset budget caps for ministries, departments, and agencies, to be excessively strict.
“The magnitude of security threats facing the nation cannot be adequately addressed by the envelope budgeting system,” Abdullahi stated. “Our financial system must demonstrate our commitment to defeating insecurity if we are serious about doing so. Financial limitations and postponed releases hinder the ability of security services to function at their best.
His comments are a reflection of the National Assembly’s mounting dissatisfaction with what legislators say is a misalignment between fiscal reality and policy declarations.
Senators contended that while the president has frequently reassured Nigerians of his administration’s determination to restore security, such pledges need to be accompanied by sufficient and prompt funding.
Abdullahi also bemoaned the fact that security operations nationwide have been severely undermined by insufficient and postponed funding releases, especially capital allocations in the 2024 and 2025 budgets.
He said that a number of initiatives aimed at improving operational mobility, logistics, surveillance infrastructure, and intelligence collection were either not carried out at all or were only half done.
He cautioned that the entire security architecture, from equipment acquisition to staff training and deployment, is impacted if capital votes are not completely implemented.
Speaking at the meeting as well, Mohammed Sanusi, Permanent Secretary, Special Services, ONSA, echoed the committee’s worries, citing inconsistent overhead releases, envelope budgeting, and the failure to implement capital appropriations as significant performance barriers.
“Our operations have faced significant challenges due to the envelope budgeting framework,” Sanusi said. “Our ability to efficiently coordinate and support security agencies has been impacted by irregular overhead releases and the incomplete implementation of capital appropriations.”
Sanusi emphasized that a dynamic funding framework that can react to abrupt increases in violence, new threats, and intelligence-driven operations that cannot be postponed by bureaucratic bottlenecks is necessary for security management.
He informed MPs that although ONSA coordinates many security and intelligence agencies, the stability and adequacy of funding flows directly affect how successful the agency is.
The Senate’s criticism coincides with a national increase in security pressures. Attacks against security formations and vital infrastructure, mass kidnappings for ransom, recurrent attacks on rural populations, and ongoing threats from non-state actors have all occurred in Nigeria in recent years.
Lawmakers and commentators have questioned whether the structure of releases and spending patterns match practical reality, despite the fact that defense and security get enormous annual allocations, which are frequently among the largest components of the national budget.
MDAs function within preset expenditure caps under the envelope budgeting method, which is based on anticipated revenues and financial limitations.
Although the model’s goal is to encourage discipline and macroeconomic stability, some contend that it might hinder organizations that need flexibility, especially in emergency-driven fields like security.
The session’s senators emphasized that extraordinary funding measures, not regular budgetary limits, should be triggered by the declaration of a national emergency on security.
They cautioned that a discrepancy between treasury resources and risks on the ground could undermine public trust and give criminal networks more confidence.
However, in order to strengthen Nigeria’s security framework, the committee promised ONSA more robust legislative support.
Abdullahi continued, “We are dedicated to offering the required legislative backing to guarantee that our security framework is reinforced.”
As lawmakers hint at the need for reforms that might provide security services more flexibility in accessing and using cash, the assurance implies a potential reassessment of financing modalities during the ongoing 2026 budget deliberations.
The committee held a closed-door meeting to examine sensitive parts of the budget proposal, such as classified expenditure lines and operational requirements, following lengthy discussions in an open session.
As lawmakers attempt to balance economic prudence with the pressing need to restore peace and stability throughout the nation, the Senate’s review’s findings might have a significant impact on how funding is allocated to Nigeria’s security agencies in the upcoming fiscal year.
